This group of plants has least been exploited for the medicinal. Plants that are included in the lycophyte and fern clades are all spore bearing or seedfree, and because of this common feature their members have. Within our new classification, we recognize four monophyletic classes, 11. Bryophytes plants without well developed vascular systems. Sharma 2000 reported the ethnobotanical uses of ferns from rajasthan, india. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent. Classification of pteridophytes for a long time the division pteridophyta includedthe ferns, lycopods and horsetails. Definition bryophytes bryophytes are the most preliminary type of plants which includes mosses and liverworts. Some pteridophytes of medicinal importance from rajasthan. Choose from 109 different sets of bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperm flashcards on quizlet. Botany pteridophytes class notes for students and teachers of life science biological science. The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 june 20.
Bryophytes were a pivotal step in land plant evolution, and their significance in the regulation of ecosystems and the conservation of biodiversity is becoming increasingly acknowledged. A concept based exclusive material pteridophytes, gymnosperms. In the present article an attempt has been made to compile the pharmacological, clinical and medicinal uses of some common pteridophytes available in rajasthan. Some of the characters of pteridophytes are as follows. Our classification reflects recently published phylogenetic hypotheses based on both morphological and molecular data. The sporophyte is the conspicuous and familiar plant body. Pteridophyta definition of pteridophyta by merriamwebster. Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo of. Ebook botany for degree pteridophyta as pdf download. Useful notes on the classification of pteridophytes. They formed the dominant part of the earths during palaeozoic and mesozoic periods on soral evolution.
The pteridophytes ferns and fern allies pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves known as fronds, roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. These ferns, in biological terms, are nothing but the pteridophytes, belonging to the division pteridophyta of the plant kingdom. Ferns, horsetails often treated as ferns, and lycophytes clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts are all pteridophytes. All pteridophytes have a true alternation of generations, in which a dominant sporophyte generation produces spores through meiosis, and a freeliving gametophyte generation forms gametes egg and sperm by mitosis. The dominant phase in bryophyte is gametophyte while the dom. Ferns can be used to illustrate the life cycle stages common to all pteridophytes. Theophrastus 327287 bc and discovered 50 ad had referred the medicinal attributes of certain ferns. Pteridophytes may represent the closest living relatives sister group to the seed plants. This author lists a total of 671 references, but only one work had been carried out in brazil miraglia et al. They probably evolved from the green algae at about the same. Bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperm flashcards. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions.
Sporophyte diploid generation is attached to and dependent on the gametophyte for the entire life cycle. In this course we are going to use the term pteridophyte to refer to nonseed vascular plants, i. The reproductive organs of plants in all these three groups are very inconspicuous, and they are therefore called cryptogamae, or those with hidden reproductive organs. Ferns differ from seed plants in reproducing by spores and from bryophytes in. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Gymnosperms gymnosperms are seedbearing plants and include cycads and conifers. Bryophytes play an important role in an ecosystem by providing water and nutrients to other plant living alongside bryophytes. Pteridophytes, often referred to as ferns and fern allies are vascular plants that produce neither flowers nor seeds, but reproduce and dispersed. This introductory textbook assumes no prior knowledge of bryophyte biology, making it ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as amateur botanists. Phytochemical studies in brazilian pteridophytes soeder 1985 reported a large inventory of papers that appeared between 1966 and 1984 on the chemical constituents of pteridophytes. When you think of forests and woods, you can picture trees, abundant lush green ferns, and other plants. The current trends in the subject are explained in a simple, lucid and understandablewriting style. But trust me the first thing that you notice is the abundant foliage of fern plants. Be aware that some people use this term just to refer to ferns.
Difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes with. Firstly all the botanists divided the plant kingdom into two large groups cryptogamia and phanerogamia, linnaeus 1754 used the term cryptogams for the first time for those plants which did not possess visible sex organs. Bryophytes are embryophytes that are nonvascular i. The entire plant of this species is used as medicine in ayurveda, sidha and unani. A group of closely related species is called genus.
A fern polypodiopsida or polypodiophyta is a member of a group of vascular plants that. Pteridophyta definition is a division of vascular plants coordinate with bryophyta and spermatophyta and coextensive with the subdivisions psilopsida, lycopsida, sphenopsida and the class filicineae of the pteropsida. Seed plants include the angiosperms, the conifers, and a smaller assortment of other plants. The bryophytes are a group of simple land plants which in many ways are an evolutionary dead end. However, stone age people living in what is now germany once collected the moss neckera crispa g. Botany for degree pteridophyta top results of your surfing botany for degree pteridophyta start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. Classification of pteridophytes short classification of the ferns pdf. The empirical basis of botanical systematics has been broadened far beyond the realm of macromorphological traits on which systematists have based their decisions for more than 200 years. Clubmoss, horsetail and fern trees dominated earths land vegitation for more than 100 million years. Bryophyte vs pteridophyte difference and comparison diffen. With the commencement of monsoon about mid june, the ferns and fernallies start growing vigourously and luxuriantly. Phytochemical studies in pteridophytes growing in brazil. Many pteridophytes supplement their sexual cycles with various forms of vegetative reproduction yatskievych 2003.
Most of the pteridophytes ferns and fernallies show their luxuriant and vigorous growth during the rainy season particularly in the hilly regions usually above 1400 m altitude. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial and grows in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open dry places. Bryophytes vs pteridophytes similarities and difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes bryophytes are most primitive land plants predominantly grow in moist and shaded places. Pteridophytes biology encyclopedia plant, body, different. The sexuality of pteridophytic gametophytes can be classified as follows. Pteridophyta is the most highly evolved group among the cryptogams.
The thallophytes, the bryophytes and the pteridophytes have naked embryos that are called spores. Pteridophyta living in water are known as hydrophyte, sticking in other plants are called epiphyte and living in residue or waste of other plants are known as saprophyte. Pteridophytes general characters ppt general characteristics, life cycle and reproduction of pteridophytes ppt what are pteridophytes. Read the introductory remarks and list of characteristics of the bryophytes p. The different species of selaginella are grown as the garden plants. The neck of the archegonia in bryophytes is long, containing six vertical rows of cells. The pteridophytes are an economically important group of plants. Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo of pteridophytes, life cycle. Bryophytes are known as the amphibians of plant kingdom since water is essential for the completion of their life cycle.
Occurrence and evolution of pteridophytes with its origin and economic importance in pteridophyta is a group of ancient plants. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page information wikidata item cite this page. Pteridophyta teridafata os made from two greek roots that mean winged pteryz. India abstract pteridophytic flora is the extinct members of plants groups used medicinally by aboriginals. In chinese system of medicine, many pteridophytes are. Pteridophytes do not have seeds or flowers either, instead they also reproduce via spores. Ethnomedicinal uses of pteridophytes of vindhyan region m. Heterosporous megaspores important in species identifications and gametophyte development is endosporic. They generally live as an understory plant in shaded, moist areas, although their habitat varies considerably. Similar to the life cycle of seed plants, the pteridophytes also involves the alternation of generations in its life cycle.
Algae fungi lichen plant pathology bryophytes pteridophytes gymnosperms systematics plant anatomy horticulture plant. You might be surprised to learn that, in terms of biodiversity, b. They also studied the use of pteridophytes as a vegetable and herbal medicine. In this lesson, well discover the characteristics, classification, and life cycle of the group pteridophyta, which includes plant species like ferns and horsetails. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Native boston ferns and sword ferns nephrolepis spp. Lion panthera leo, leopard panthera pardus and tiger panthera tigris are members of the genus panthera. Pteridophytes are polysporangiate, either homosporous or heterosporous. Whats the difference between bryophyte and pteridophyte. Pteridophytes introduction, authors and addresses, systematic list, glossary, and key to tribes. Occurrence and evolution of pteridophytes biology boom. Pteridophyta characteristics, life cycle, classification.
Sexual reproduction is accomplished by the release of spores, which develop. Sumita, assistant professor, department of botany, pggc11, chandigarh. Ethnomedicinal uses of pteridophytes of kumaon himalaya. As they produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are referred to as cryptogams. A few pteridophytes are aquatic while still others are. Ebook botany for degree pteridophyta as pdf download portable. Introduction to bryophytes pdf format download online e. Learn bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperm with free interactive flashcards. Pteridophyta do not produce seeds but they produce spores. Pdf difference between bryophytes and pteridophytes.
Pteridophytes constitute a significant and important group in the plant kingdom. Some other uses are ferns provide natural vegetation thats important to both wildlife and birds. The modern classification of pteridophytes have been suggested by many scientist according to the sporne1975 pteridophytes have been classified into six classes. Pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves known as fronds, roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. Pteridophytes ferns and fern allies the plant list. Pteridophytes are free sporangiate where isospores or micro and megaspores are released through the dehiscence of sporangia. Ferns are vascular plants that do not produce seeds. Glime introduction a general lack of commercial value, small size, and inconspicuous place in the ecosystem have made the bryophytes appear to be of no use to most people. Pteridophytes or pteridophyta, in the broad interpretation of the term, are vascular plants plants with xylem and phloem that reproduce and disperse via spores.
Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as cryptogams, meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. Ethnobotanical studies of 40 pteridophytes species by uddin et al. Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six metres in length. Jan 23, 2017 introduction and definition the pteridophytes gk. In 1880, the cryptogams of the plant kingdom were divided. This pdf version does not have an isbn or issn and is not therefore effectively published melbourne code, art. Pteridophyta definition is a division of vascular plants coordinate with bryophyta and spermatophyta and coextensive with the subdivisions psilopsida, lycopsida, sphenopsida and the class filicineae of. The time period of the giant pteridophyta forests is known as the carboniferious period. Besides having various medicinal properties, the pteridophytes are also employed for a variety of commercial and environmental purposes.
The neck of the archegonia in pteridophytes is short, containing four vertical. They are also termed as vascular plants containing xylem and phloem tissues. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial plants and thrive well in abundant moisture and shade while some flourish well in open, dry situations especially in xeric conditions. Various animals use the fronds as food while birds and small creatures use the plants for cover. Their leaves are called fronds, which are highly divided except in a few isolated species. Ethnomedicinal uses of pteridophytes of kumaun himalaya upreti, et al. It is the remains of these giant pteridophytes that would over eons become the fossil fuels we use today. Pteridophytes are used by the physicians in unani system of medicine uddin et al.
Pteridophyte definition of pteridophyte by the free. There are also some purely aquatic ferns such as water fern or water velvet salvinia molesta and mosquito ferns azolla species. They are psilopsida, psilotopsida, lycopsida, sphenopsida, pteropsida and progymnospermopsida. On the basis of their anatomy jeffrey in 1902 divided the vascular plants into two types or stocks. We present a revised classification for extant ferns, with emphasis on ordinal and familial ranks, and a synopsis of included genera. A few pteridophytes are aquatic while still others are epiphytes. Ethnomedicinal study the economic importance of pteridophyes is well known.
Pteridophyta is designed to fulfill the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of botany. However, the pteridophytes differ from mosses and seed plants in that both generations are independent and freeliving. A pteridophyte is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that disperses spores. As in seed plants, the greatest diversity of pteridophytes is found in the tropics, with only about six hundred species adapted for life in temperate climates. Some pteridophytes are aquatic and some are epiphytes. The evolution and diversification of epiphytic ferns pdf phd thesis. As these plants do not produce either flowers or seeds, they are called as cryptograms.
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